Biography of Empress Theodora, Byzantine Feminist

Biography of Empress Theodora, Byzantine Feminist Empress Theodora (c. 497–June 28, 548), wife of Emperor  Justinian I, is regarded as the most powerful woman in  Byzantine  history. Because of her intelligence and political savvy, she was Justinian’s most trusted adviser and used her influence to promote religious and social policies in line with her interests. She significantly expanded the rights of women. Fast Facts: Empress Theodora Known For: Most Influential Woman in the Byzantine EraBorn: c. 497 on Cyprus or in SyriaFather: AcaciusDied: June 28, 548 in Constantinople, modern-day TurkeySpouse: Justinian I Early Life Little is known of her early years. According to the historian Procopius- whose historical work, according to one source, which resembles a tabloid newspaper but is the best available- her father Acacius was a bear keeper at the Hippodrome in Constantinople, a large stadium where chariot races and other events were staged, including bear-baiting. He died when she was 5. Her mother remarried and started Theodoras acting career. Theodora had two sisters, Comitona and Anastasia, and as a child she worked on stage as a mime with older sister Comitona before becoming a full-fledged actress, though in that day much of what was termed acting would later be euphemistically called adult entertainment. Offstage she was known for having numerous lovers and wild parties and for prostitution. She became the mistress of a wealthy man named Hecebolus, who for reasons unknown threw her out in roughly 521. She found religion, renounced her former lifestyle, and made a living as a wool spinner, returning to Constantinople in 522. Marriage When Justinian somehow met her, he was attracted by her beauty and intelligence and made her his mistress before marrying her in 525. Because of her disreputable background, special legislation was required to legalize such a marriage. (The independent record of this law being changed supports Procopius account of Theodoras lowly origins.) Justinians uncle and adoptive father, Emperor Justin I, died on August 1, 527, the date that Justinians reign is usually said to have begun, though modern scholars believe that he actually took over the government as early as 518. When Justinian took the throne, Theodora became the empress. Theodora exercised considerable influence, though she was never made co-regent. Because of her intelligence and unerring political sensibility, many believe that she, rather than Justinian, ruled Byzantium. Her name appears in nearly all the laws passed during that period, and she received foreign envoys and corresponded with foreign rulers, roles usually taken by the ruler. Nika Revolt Her influence in political affairs is illustrated by the Nika Revolt of January 532, which involved the Blues and the Greens, two Constantinople political factions that sponsored chariot races, animal contests, and stage plays in the Hippodrome and had attained substantial political power. The Blues and Greens had set aside their traditional rivalry to unite and oppose the government and establish a rival emperor. The revolt started on January 13, as the chariot races were to begin. Before the day was over, many public buildings were in flames.  Justinian had failed to head off the situation, and most of his advisers urged him to flee. Preparations were made, and a ship sat ready in the harbor to carry the emperor and empress to safety. At a meeting of the Imperial Council on January 18, Theodora sat listening to the men debating whether they should flee the city. Then, according to Robert Brownings Justinian  and  Theodora, she stood and addressed them: Whether or not a woman should give an example of courage to men is neither here nor there....I think that flight, even if it brings us to safety, is not in our interest. Every man born to see the light of day must die. But that one who has been emperor should become an exile I cannot bear.   She suggested that Justinian, his generals, and the other officials stay and save the empire. After she sat down, the men looked at each other and the generals began to discuss military plans. Belisarius, one of her husbands generals,  eventually herded the rebels into the Hippodrome, where they were slaughtered. Religion Theodora was a monophysite Christian, believing that Jesus Christs nature was purely divine, while her husband reflected orthodox Christianity, which holds that Jesus nature was both human and divine. Some commentators, including Procopius, allege that their differences were more pretense than a reality, presumably to keep the church from having too much power. She was known as a protector of members of the Monophysite faction when they were accused of heresy.  She supported the moderate Monophysite Severus and, when he was excommunicated and exiled- with Justinians approval- Theodora helped him to settle in Egypt. Another excommunicated monophysite, Anthimus, was still hiding in the womens quarters when Theodora died, 12 years after the excommunication order. She sometimes explicitly worked against her husbands support of Chalcedonian Christianity in the ongoing struggle for the predominance of each faction, especially at the edges of the empire. At the end of his life, Justinian was said to have moved significantly toward monophysitism, though he took no official action to promote it. Death and Legacy Theodora died in 548, possibly from cancer or  gangrene. Her death illustrated how important she was in Byzantine political life: Little significant legislation dates from the period between her death and 565 when Justinian died. Theodora had given birth to a daughter, either before she met Justinian or early in their marriage, but the girl didnt live long. No other children were born to the imperial couple. Through her relationship with her husband, who treated her as his intellectual partner, Theodora had a major impact on the political decisions of the empire. Justinian wrote that he had consulted Theodora when he promulgated a constitution that included reforms meant to end corruption by public officials. She is credited with influencing many other reforms, including expanding the rights of women in divorce and property ownership, prohibiting forced prostitution, giving mothers some guardianship rights over their children, and forbidding the killing of a wife who committed adultery. She closed brothels and created convents, where the ex-prostitutes could support themselves. Sources Browning, Robert. Justinian and Theodora. Gorgias Pr Llc, January 1, 2003.Garland, Lynda. Byzantine Empresses: Women and Power in Byzantium AD 527-1204. 1st Edition, Routledge, January 8, 2011.Holmes, William Gordon. The Age of Justinian and Theodora, Vol. 1: A History of the Sixth Century. Paperback, Abridged edition, Forgotten Books, July 6, 2017.Procopius. The Secret History. Penguin Classics, Peter Sarris (Editor, Translator, Introduction), G. A. Williamson (Translator), Paperback, New Ed. / edition, December 18, 2007.Underhill, Clara. Theodora: The Courtesan of Constantinople. 1st Edition edition, Sears Publishing Company, Inc., 1932.Theodora: Byzantine Empress. Encyclopaedia Britannica.Theodora. Encyclopedia.com.

Growth of the Internet Essay

Growth of the Internet Essay Growth of the Internet Essay This is a free sample essay on Growth of the Internet: The Internet opens up new worlds accessible to anyone with a computer and an Internet server. The Internet can provide the user with a new means of communication, entertainment, shopping and possibly even the answers to the most rhetorical questions on the planet. For instance, Delaware is a small state that relatively few people know much about. Currently there is a Internet site insisting that Delaware is not really a state. The creators of the site say Delaware may not actually be a state at all, but a huge spaceship that crashed eons ago. Maybe, it also is an alien breeding ground or a government test site for intergalactic engines. Whatever the question, whether informative or senseless, the Internet has an answer. Search engines such as Yahoo and Excite are todays card catalogs. Search engines perform millions of queries each day. Whatever the theme, search engines can usually locate up hundreds, if not thousands of topics, all in matter of minutes. Not so long ago, this required many hours of research at the local library. The Internet contains thousands of images on file. Unlimited information and services are easily accessible. The diversity of materials available on the net goes far beyond the scope of the traditional library. Buying a house is a less complicated task with the help of a computer. Companies such as ERA, Prudential, and Patterson-Schwartz have Web sites. Real estate Web sites show properties in desired price ranges and locations. Properties are viewed from the convenience of one’s home. Mortgage companies also have Web sites. To compare interest rates is simple. Computing mortgages based on salary, insurance rates, and taxes require just a few keystrokes. Online banking services are a relatively new service. Banking customers can save an extraordinary amount of time performing such tasks as updating balances and making transfers between accounts. Bills are paid without writing checks or licking stamps. Scheduled monthly payments such as loan payments and utility bills can automatically be paid. Computer processed loans have cut processing time from weeks to hours. Computers have cut down on one of banking’s costliest mistakes, that of human error. Banking online is accurate, convenient, and accessible. No longer must customers wait in long lines. Every day financial institutions add new services for online customers. The Internet will be the banking of the future. Retail companies now use the Internet to reach consumers. Every day millions of computer users are inundated with computer generated ads. Millions of potential customers are reached when computers are turned on. Companies such as Lands End electronically mails customers every week with their latest sale items. Egghead Software Company sells computers and computer software by Internet, and has closed all of its traditional retail stores. Products from Egghead are now only available from its online store. Internet stores provide twenty-four hours a day access. Consumers are no longer bound by traditional retail hours. Retail companies have expanded the customer base. Potential profits are enormous, all being accomplished with a few keystrokes. The computer has revolutionized communication. The use of Local Area Networks, Wide Area networks, satellite links, and the Internet, the user can now send electronic mail or data across an ocean. This takes less time than it takes to address an envelope. Internet telephone service allows subscribers to talk long distance without incurring charges associated with conventional long distance service. Today it is possible not only to hear a person over long distance lines, but to see them as well. Computer technology has created a world at our fingertips. The Internet is opening new doorways for any user with access to an Internet server. The number of Web sites increases daily, with the services provided growing larger each day. Companies now must be accessible to the Internet to be competitive. Computers are like the televisions of the 1940s when few people had them. Today, televisions are a part of everyone’s lives. Five years from now, it will be unheard of not to have a computer with access to the Internet. ______________ is a professional essay writing service which can provide high school, college and university students with 100% original custom written essays, research papers, term papers, dissertations, courseworks, homeworks, book reviews, book reports, lab reports, projects, presentations and other assignments of top quality. More than 700 professional Ph.D. and Master’s academic writers. Feel free to order a custom written essay on Internet from our professional essay writing service.

Write a short case study outlining the essence of the new proposed Assignment

Write a short case study outlining the essence of the new proposed business venture - Assignment Example In this regard, this business plan shall bring out the structure and design of the operation of this venture, complete with the financials. This plan has borrowed the operational structure and operating procedure from the business plan of Gordon Food Service, a healthcare food service provider. Gordon Food Service inspection for compliance with state and federal law on hygiene, controls the cost of food service, undertakes training on food services and food safety. The vision of the New York Food Truck company is to be the biggest food truck company in the city. The spread of this venture to other states will be considered upon its success in the state of New York. The mission is to be a reliable partner in providing healthy food services to the busy working population. In so doing, the company will be able to successfully provide healthy solutions and contribute to building a healthy society, while at the same time providing jobs to many unemployed persons. The New York Food Truck Company shall have one control point from where all orders and assignments shall be taken. It would take an approximate 10 trucks to be able to serve the entire city. Each truck shall have a driver and a sales person driving to places around the city with high traffic of people. Upon identifying a safe parking spot, the trucks will then be opened to sell food to the members of the public. Each truck will be fitted with food heating devices, and the food will be made from the kitchen at the premises. In order to ensure hygiene, the food shall be packed in treated containers that will only be unpacked at the point of sale. The company shall hire a chef to make the food with utmost professionalism. The food is meant to be highly nutritious, and so a nutritionist shall be consulted to work out the proportions of the food. The truck staff shall be trained on hygienic practices to ensure the food is not contaminated. In addition to that, there

How do you pronounce your name Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

How do you pronounce your name - Essay Example When I was younger, though, I never knew the kind of impact my name would have on me. In elementary school, I was not very fond of my name. I always complained to myself how one day I would change it to Heaven. It would be easier for people to pronounce, and I would be free of hearing that overused question on a daily basis. As I grew older and matured, the views I had on my name changed drastically. I began to like the uniqueness of my name, and whenever the pause came to read my name, I was more than happy to correct the pronunciation. As I grew older and I began to fully understand why my mother would give me this name, I realized that what I had was more than just I name. I had a story to go with it. Born two months early and weighing only two pounds, it was more than a blessing for me to be alive, especially when the doctor was sure that either my mom or I was going to die during the birth. My mom, happy that we both survived, decided to name me Heavyn’le. Given the miracle that occurred the day of my birth, nothing else seemed to fit. My mom also said, â€Å"My name is so common, and I just wish that someone would have spelled my name a little different.† Therefore, to add to the uniqueness of my name, she had to add some spice to it, to make it â€Å"different.† Not only is my name unique, but it has a story behind it that has finally made me proud to bear the name that my mother blessed me with. Now that I am older, I have come to realize that my name helped make me who I am. I am able to understand why I was named Heavyn’le, and that it had not been picked on a whim but for a reason - life. I am not afraid to be different. I am constantly being told how pretty my name is, and I have even been asked if my name could be used in a short story.  

I Hate You, Yet Thank You Essay -- Personal Narrative Cancer Essays

I Hate You, Yet Thank You Dear Cancer, Did you know, that I thought that the one thing in life that wouldn’t change was my family? I thought that no matter what we would always be there for each other. September 27, 2000, all of those beliefs were shattered because of you. Four years ago you killed Nana, my only grandma. That date will forever be etched in my heart because of you. You caused so much pain and so much sadness when you took her from us. She was so loving, so caring, and so giving. I see why you wanted her, but why did you have to steal her? Did you even know anything about her? She was a good person who didn’t deserve anything that you did to her. We, as a family, are good people who didn’t deserve to be hurt by you. You see, before you took Nana from us, I thought that family was just there. I thought that they would always be there, just because. I remember being annoyed when Nana would ask me to help her do something. I would always think, â€Å"Can’t you ask Leslie or Katie instead?† Whenever my grandpa would drive, he would make sure he went five miles per hour under the limit. Let me just tell you, that made me so mad! I remember crouching on the seat in the car so that when people sped past us with their dirty looks, they wouldn’t see me. Even the way I acted towards my parents changed after my Nana passed away. Before, I would always roll my eyes when they told me what to do. I didn’t think that they knew what they were talking about when they would tell me to do something. Like most teenagers, I thought I was always right. Did you know that every summer Nana and Poppy, my mom and dad, and sisters and I would go to our summer house in Maine? It was a tradition. My birthday always fell when we were up ... ...enly arguing with my sisters doesn’t seem worth it. What if something ever happened to them? The last memory that they would have of me would be a negative one. I tell my parents I love them every single day, because it’s the truth. I know they love me, so I want to let them know how much I love them. I felt bad for every negative thought that I had towards my grandma. I thought that she would somehow figure out how I used to feel, but then I realized that she always loved me and my sisters unconditionally. That is why I loved her so much, and that is why, no matter what, I will always love her. Basically, the point of this letter is to thank you for one thing. Thank you for strengthening our family bond. Thank you for helping me realize just how important family is. You helped me realize how much we mean to each other. Thank you for that and only that. Sarah*

A business report on Cuba

Cuba has suffered for long due to unsuitable macro economic principles that serve to discourage investors from investing in the country rather than encourage them.   Cuba has also suffered due to restriction of trade with the United States, because of political reasons.   This has adversely affected Cuba's economy, leading to its economic growth, fluctuating over the years.The government interference is also adversely affecting the economy since most of the macroeconomic policies applied are weak.   They are also aimed at benefiting the people who operate business activities in the public sector   at the expense of the private sector.   The government also lacks a clear vision for the future, in terms of economic development and growth goals.1.2 CHAPTER 11.3 IntroductionThis chapter aims at analyzing the general facts about Cuba.   These include a brief history, location, general economy, imports, exports, importing and exporting partners among other facts.   It also ai ms at analyzing the employment levels, source of employment for the majority of the people, goods produced by local industries and other basic facts about Cuba as a country.1.4 An overview of Cuba.Cuba is a country that is located on the Caribbean islands, and is reputed to be the most varied, beautiful and largest of all the islands in the Caribbean.   On its southern side it is bordered by the Caribbean and the Western side, by the Gulf of Mexico.   The northern and eastern side is surrounded by the Atlantic ocean.The main imports for Cuba are machinery, food, chemicals and petroleum.   The importing partners are Venezuela, Canada, China, Spain, Mexico and Italy. The main exports are medical products, sugar, tobacco, nickel, coffee and citrus.   The country also produces agricultural products that include tobacco, sugarcane, coffee, citrus, beans and potatoes.1.5 Problem statementCuba has an unfavorable balance of trade and low level of economic growth.   There are also high levels of unemployment and very low levels of foreign investment.   The government interferes with most business activities.   The political environment is also characterized by low levels of democracy.   This paper aims at analyzing the impact of all these factors on the economic environment for Cuba and recommendations on improving the same.

The Pros And Cons Of Understanding China - 1143 Words

But the room cant either. How does the room get from the syntax of the computer program of the input symbols to the semantics of the understanding of the symbols? Theres no way the room can get there because that would require some consciousness in the room in addition to my consciousness. And there is no such consciousness. Anyway, that was one of many answers. One of my favorites was this. This was in a public debate. A guy said to me, but suppose we ask you, do you understand Chinese? And suppose you say, yes, I understand Chinese. Well? Well, OK, lets try that and see how far we get. I get a question that looks like this. Now, this will be in a dialect of Chinese some of you wont recognize. Unknown to me, that symbol means, do you†¦show more content†¦I insist on a good question period. So let me take a drink of water, and we go to the next step, which I think is more important. A lot of people thought, well, look, maybe the computer doesnt understand Chinese, but all the same, it does information processing. And it does, after all, do computation. Thats what we define the machine to do. And I had to review a couple of books recently. One book said that we live in a new age, the age of information. And in a wonderful outburst, the author said everything is information. Now that ought to worry us if everything is information. And I read another book. This was an optimistic book. I reviewed-- this for The New York Review of Books-- a less optimistic book by a guy who said computers are now so smart theyre almost as smart as we are. And pretty soon, theyll be just as smart as we are. And then I dont have to tell this audience the next step. Theyll be much smarter than we are. And then look out because they might get sick of being oppressed by us. And they might simply rise up and overthrow us all. And this, the author said modestly-- I guess this is how you sell books-- he said this may be the greatest challenge that humanity has ever faced, the upcoming revolt of super-smart computers. Now, I want to say both of these claims are silly. I mean, Im speaking shorthand here. Therell be plenty of chance to answer me. And I wantShow MoreRelatedMaking China Beautiful: Shiseido the China Market Essay1035 Words   |  5 PagesMAKING CHINA BEAUTIFUL: SHISEIDO THE CHINA MARKET I. Problem The Shiseido company is weak in understanding the market needs and is looking to create a strategy that will both increase global market share and reap success in the high potential Chinese market. II. Alternatives/Recommendations 1) Invest heavily in market research section in order to create market-driven products and services. a. 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